Abidjan
The city expanded quickly once the development of a brand new wharf in 1931,
followed by its designation because the capital town of the then-French colony
in 1933. city remained the capital of African country once its independence from
France in 1960. The completion of the Vridi Canal in 1951 enabled city to become
a crucial ocean port. In 1983, town of Yamoussoukro was selected because the
official political capital of African country. However, most political
establishments and foreign embassies still be placed in city.
Because city is additionally the biggest town within the country and also the
centre of its economic activity, it's formally been selected because the
"economic capital" of the country. The city Autonomous District, that
encompasses town and a few of its suburbs, is one in every of the fourteen
districts of African country.
Geography
Location map of city
Abidjan lies on the south-east coast of the country, on the Gulf of Guinea. town
is found on the Ébrié lagune. The downtown, Le Plateau, is that the center of
town, along side Cocody, Deux Plateaux (the city's wealthiest neighborhood and a
hub for diplomats), and Adjamé, a slum on the north shore of the lagune.
Treichville and Marcory delude the south, Attecoube, Locodjro, Abobo Doume and
Yopougon to the west, and Île Boulay is found within the middle of the lagune.
additional south lies Port Bouët, home to the field and main haven. city is
found at 5°25′ North, 4°2′ West (5.41667, −4.03333).[4]
Climate
Abidjan experiences a tropical wet and dry climate (Aw), per the Köppen climate
classification. city has nonconsecutive rainy seasons (precipitation higher than
sixty millimetres (2.4 in) with a protracted season from March to July and a
brief season from Sep to Gregorian calendar month, and 3 dry months (January,
February and August). Precipitation is rich throughout the summer months, apart
from August, thanks to activation of the Benguela Current, that reduces the
precipitation total throughout the month.[5] The Benguela Current conjointly
lowers the mean temperature throughout August, creating it the good month of the
year, averaging twenty four.5 °C (76.1 °F). city has 2 further dry months
(January and February). city is usually wet, with average ratio higher than
eightieth throughout the year.
Territorial divisions
Abidjan consists of northern city and southern city. every has 10 formal
boroughs, or communes, every being pass by a city manager.
Communes of Northern city
Some buildings within the highland
Abobo consists principally of housing project. Abobo features a massive
population of low-income migrants. This space has developed impromptu.
Adjamé developed from the village of Ébrié, that existed before city developed.
though contaminated and tiny in size, this commune is commercially vital for the
Ivorian economy. It contains a varied looking district and its bus terminal is
that the shelter d'Ivoire's main hub for international bus lines.
Yopougon is that the most inhabited commune of city, lying part in Northern city
and part across the lagune in Southern city. it's home to each industrial and
residential areas. The analysis station ORSTOM, the biologist Institute, and a
coaching hospital area unit placed during this commune.
Plateau is Ivory Coast's business center, with terribly trendy, tall buildings.
though the govtal and body capital of African country formally transferred to
Yamoussoukro in 1983, the establishments of the republic like the Presidency and
National Assembly area unit still placed in highland. it's the most body,
industrial and middle of Ivory Coast.
Attécoubé contains Banco forest, classified as a parkland.
Cocody is legendary for its residential districts, Deux-Plateaux and
geographical region. The University of Cocody, a public establishment, and a few
personal universities are placed at intervals the commune. Radio tv Ivoirienne (RTI)
is found in Cocody. The President of the Republic conjointly resides during this
commune, that contains the embassy district.
Communes of Southern city
Beach of Vridi
Koumassi: This commune has a crucial industrial space.
Marcory: This commune is especially residential, and contains the upmarket
Biétry [fr] and Zone four neighborhoods wherever several foreigners live.
Port-Bouët: This commune includes the (SIR works and also the Félix
Houphouët-Boigny International field. there's conjointly a longtime workplace of
the IRD, the centre of very little Bassam.[10] The noted pharos sweeps the Gulf
of Guinea for many maritime miles out. The Vridi beach space is busy each
weekend though the ocean is incredibly rough; this development wide holds right
along the Gulf of Guinea. From 1950 on, Vridi has been the first employment hub
in city owing to its increasing variety of factories and warehouses.
Treichville: This commune is home to the Autonomous Port of city and to several
stores. The port space is additionally industrial. there's conjointly the
Treichville state natatorium (PET), the Treichville sports palace, the Palace of
Culture, and also the city course.
Île Boulay.
Suburbs
Towns close to city embody Jacqueville, Grand-Lahou and Dabou within the west;
Sikensi, Tiassalé, Agboville, Adzopé and Alépé within the north; and Grand-Bassam
to the east.
The cities (or sub-prefectures) of Anyama, Bingerville, Brofodoumé and Songon
area unit at intervals the city Department, that is co-extensive with the
autonomous district.
Etymology
According to oral tradition of the Tchaman as rumored within the encyclopaedic
lexicon of African country,[11] the name "Abidjan" results from a
misunderstanding. Legend states that associate previous man carrying branches to
repair the roof of his house met a ecu soul UN agency asked him the name of the
closest village. The previous man didn't speak the language of the soul, and
thought that he was being asked to justify his presence therein place.
panic-struck by this surprising meeting, he fled shouting "min-chan m'bidjan",
which suggests within the Ébrié language: "I simply cut the leaves." The soul,
thinking that his question had been answered, recorded the name of the venue as
city.
A slightly totally different and fewer elaborate version of the legend: once the
primary colonists asked a native man the name of the place, the person
misunderstood and replied "M'bi min djan": "I've simply been cutting
leaves".[12]
History
See also: Timeline of city
Colonial era
Abidjan boatmen.
Abidjan was originally atiny low Atchan fishing village. In 1896, following a
series of deadly infectious disease epidemics, French colonists UN agency had ab
initio settled in Grand-Bassam set to maneuver to a safer place and in 1898
selected this location of city. In 1903 it formally became a city.[13] The
settlers were followed by the colonial government, created in 1899. on the other
hand close Bingerville became the capital of the French colony, from 1900 till
1934.
The future city, settled on the sting of the lagune n'doupé ("the lagune in hot
water"), offered additional land and larger opportunities for trade growth. The
wharf in Petit Bassam (now Port-Bouet) south of city quickly overtook the wharf
of Grand-Bassam in importance, and have become the most purpose of economic
access to the colony. In 1904, the rail terminus was placed within the Port-Bouet
space of city.[13] beginning in 1904, once Bingerville wasn't nevertheless
complete, city became the most economic hub of the colony of Ivory Coast and a
primary channel for distributing merchandise to the ecu back country,
significantly through the Lebanese community, that was increasing in importance.
Henri DE Fougères [fr] became governor of African country in 1924, and remained
governor till his death in 1931. one in every of the most streets of city still
bears his name.
In 1931, highland and what would become Treichville were connected by a pontoon
bridge, additional or less wherever the Houphouët-Boigny Bridge stands these
days. The year 1931 conjointly saw addresses begin to be allotted to the streets
of city for the primary time. The addressing project was briefly ended in 1964,
below the leadership of city manager Konan Kanga, then badly redone
American-style in 1993.
Abidjan became the third capital of Ivory Coast by a 1934 decree, following
Grand-Bassam and Bingerville.[13] many villages in Tchaman were then deserted.
The leader of the Tchaman community will still be found in Adjame ("center" or
"meeting" in Tchaman), north of the highland.
South of the highland district (the current central district of town of
Abidjan), the village of Dugbeo was moved across the lagune to Anoumabo, "the
forest of fruit bats", that became the neighborhood of Treichville (now called
Commikro, town of clerks). Treichville was renamed in 1934, in honour of Marcel
Treich-Laplénie (1860–1890), 1st|the primary} soul of the Ivory Coast and its
first colonial administrator, thought-about its founder. rather than Dugbeyo, is
that the current Treich-Laplénie Avenue, the bus terminal and water lagune buses
in highland, and also the Avenue Charles general (commonly referred to as Rue du
Commerce).
The city was set out like most colonial cities, on a grid arrange. autoimmune
disease highland ("m'brato" in Tchaman) were thickly settled by settlers. within
the north, town was thickly settled by the colonised. the 2 zones were separated
by the Gallieni Military Barracks, wherever currently there's this courthouse.
Near the port, originally named avenue DE Marseille, settlers became defensive
and scarf a sign of a noted street of Marseille renamed the road Canebière, a
sand track. this is often the legend behind the primary Blohorn oil mills, in
Cocody and a course was inbuilt the south of town.
In autoimmune disease highland within the Nineteen Forties, the Bardon Park
edifice was engineered, the primary cool edifice operating in francophone
Africa.
Abidjan's lagune became connected to the ocean once the 15m-deep Vridi [fr]
canal was completed in 1950.[13] shortly city became the middle of geographical
area. In 1958, the primary bridge to attach Petit-Bassam Island with the dry
land was completed.[13]
After independence
When shelter d’Ivoire became freelance in 1960, city became the new country’s
body and economic center. The axis south of Treichville, towards the
international field and also the beaches, became the guts of European and
materialistic city. town saw appreciable increase within the decades following
independence, increasing from one hundred eighty,000 inhabitants in one960 to
1,269,000 in 1978.[14] Abidjan’s skyline dates back to the economic prosperity
of this era.[15]
New districts like the upscale Cocody were based throughout during this period;
engineered to an oversized extent during a colonial vogue, Cocody has since
become home to shelter d’Ivoire’s rich categories likewise as expatriates and
foreign diplomats. The district is home to the embassy of France, edifice Ivoire
(which for a protracted time, was the sole African edifice to possess a
athletics rink), and, since 2009, the biggest U.S. embassy in geographical
area.[16]
Construction on St. Paul’s Cathedral, designed by Italian creator Aldo Spirito,
began with the 1980 groundbreaking by Pope John Paul II and was completed in
1985. From the Eighties, Abidjan’s fortunes declined as a results of negligence
on the a part of officers likewise as corruption and general degradation. In
1983, the village of Yamoussoukro became the new political capital of Ivory
Coast below the leadership of President Félix Houphouët-Boigny, UN agency was
born in Yamoussoukro.
From 2002 to 2007 and particularly from 2010 to 2011, city suffered from the
implications of the primary and Second Ivorian Civil Wars. In Gregorian calendar
month 2004, armed conflict stone-broke out between French forces and Ivorian
forces loyal to Laurent Gbagbo once the Ivorian Air Force attacked French
peacekeepers in northern shelter d’Ivoire. once France destroyed shelter
d’Ivoire’s air capabilities in return, pro-Gbagbo teams staged riots and robbery
in city and targeted French homes, schools, and businesses.[17] French
peacekeepers moved into town to calm matters. alternative crises throughout the
primary war amount embody the case of the Probo native bear in 2006,[18] during
which disposed merchandise caused thousands of residents to hunt medical
attention. shelter d’Ivoire’s civil conflicts seriously wedged the protection
state of affairs in city. Amidst the anti-French riots in Gregorian calendar
month 2004, 4,000 jailers in city free from the country’s largest prison.[19]
Abidjan was one in every of the most theaters of the 2010-2011 Ivorian crisis
and also the web site of major demonstrations against incumbent president Gbagbo,
as well as one on International Women’s Day in 2011 that saw many demonstrators
killed by Gbagbo’s forces. the tip of the crisis came with Gbagbo’s capture in
city in April 2011, following a serious offensive by forces loyal to election
winner Alassane Ouattara with support from France and also the world
organisation.[20]
Politics
Administration
Organisation
Formerly managed by the French colonial administration, city became a
municipality in 1956, divided into body areas by lagoons. Its initial municipal
council was electoral on eighteen Gregorian calendar month 1956, and also the
initial city manager within the context of the Loi-Cadre of 1956[21] was
president Félix Houphouët-Boigny. A 1978 law created twenty-seven municipalities
within the country. once the applying of this new organization, Dioulo Emmanuel
was electoral city manager of city on thirty Gregorian calendar month 1980.
List of consecutive mayors
Date of election Name Party Background Status
1956 Félix Houphouët-Boigny PDCI-RDA Politician Elected
Antoine Filidori Industry Appointed
Jean Porquet Industry Appointed
Antoine Konan Kanga PDCI-RDA Politician Appointed
1980 Emmanuel Dioulo PDCI-RDA Politician Elected
1985 Mobio N'Koumo PDCI-RDA Politician Elected
Since 2001, town has been divided into 10 boroughs (communes). In 2011, the
autonomous district of city was established by a decree instituting a system
supported districts and regions instead.[22] with rural sub-prefectures in
Anyama, Bingerville, Brofodoumé, and Songon. The autonomous district overlaps
the city Department, that was established in 1969 and has had its current
boundaries since 1998. In 2011, the post of city manager of city was replaced by
that of District Governor, appointed by the pinnacle of state. The position has
been occupied by parliamentarian Beugré Mambé since 2011.[23] every of the 10
communes of city has its own municipal council, headed by a city manager. The
last municipal elections were command in March 2001. The sub-prefectures of the
autonomous district even have their own mayors and councils.
Location of the autonomous district of city
The 10 communes of city
Commune Mayor Political party
Abobo Adama Toungara RDR
Adjamé Youssouf Sylla RDR
Attécoubé Danho Paulin PDCI-RDA
Cocody Jean-Baptiste Gomont Diagou [fr] FPI
Le Plateau Akossi season Bendjo PDCI-RDA
Yopougon Gbamnan Djidan Jean Félicien FPI
Treichville François Amichia PDCI-RDA
Koumassi N'Dohi Yapi Raymond PDCI-RDA
Marcory Marcellin Akanda Assi FPI
Port-Bouët Hortense Aka-Anghui PDCI-RDA
The communes of Abobo, Adjamé, Attécoubé, Cocody, and highland area unit placed
north of the Ébrié lagune (hence the name "Abidjan North"). this is often the
continental a part of city. The commune of Yopougon straddles the lagune, with
half lying north and half south of that body of water. The communes of
Treichville, Koumassi, Marcory, and Port-Bouet in city area unit south of the
lagune. Blokosso and Locodjro villages area unit enclosed at intervals town and
maintain cultural identity in urban areas.
Places of interest
Le Plateau, Abidjan
The University of city (1958),[13] technical schools, and also the National
Library of African country and National deposit area unit in city.
Sights in city embody St Paul's Cathedral designed by Aldo Spirito, the Cocody
Municipal deposit of up to date Art and also the Parc du Banco timberland
reserve.
Plateau is understood for its skyscrapers, that area unit uncommon in
geographical area. it's the business centre of city. With its gleaming
skyscrapers, high-end outlets, and out of doors cafes, highland may be a
favorite place of business travelers. There are many various banks placed within
the highland district.
Government establishments
Seat of the National Assembly of African country
The majority of Ivorian government establishments area unit still placed in city
and haven't been transferred to the political capital, Yamoussoukro. The
President's workplace is in Cocody,[24] and also the parliament,[25] the
Constitutional Council, the Supreme Court, and also the government building of
the National Order area unit bushed highland. below the presidency of Laurent
Gbagbo (2000–11), efforts were created to offer impact to the project of
constructing the political capital Yamoussoukro in African country.[26] This
goal continues to be the agreement of the country's political leaders.
Government offices area unit placed in autoimmune disease Plateau[27] within the
territorial dominion of city, avenue Carde or Angoulvant avenue (near the
Cathedral of St. Paul of Abidjan), or elsewhere within the nice buildings of the
city.
Security
The instability of the 2002-2007 war and 2010-2011 crisis saw foreign
peacekeeping forces stationed in city. The United Nations Operation in shelter
d’Ivoire (UNOCI), established in April 2004, has its headquarters at the
previous edifice Sebroko in Attécoubé. whereas the scale of the force has been
reduced since the tip of the 2011 crisis, UNOCI’s mandate was extended in 2013
and once more in 2015. The force remains approved to keep up up to five,245
troops, 192 observers, 1,500 police and eight customs officers within the
country.[28]
France’s peacekeeping operations in shelter d’Ivoire continuing below the aegis
of Operation imaginary being till 2015 and so because the French forces in
shelter d’Ivoire from 2015 onward. In 2014, French defense minister Jean-Yves
autoimmune disease Drian proclaimed that city would be strengthened because the
entry purpose for France’s military presence and scheme operations within the
Sahel region.[29] once FTO militants targeted beachgoers at Grand Bassam in
March 2016, the French government proclaimed it'd increase its troop readying in
shelter d’Ivoire from five hundred to 900.[30] French troopers area unit
primarily based in Port-Bouet likewise as at the city field.[31]
In 2007, capital of South Dakota Laba’s comedy film Permanent Danger explored
the laxness of the police against pillaging in major African cities,
specifically in city.
Police
Abidjan is split into districts, every of that features a police headquarters.
The municipal police and national police area unit separate.
All police area unit trained at the National academy within the city of Cocody.
they're recruited by competitive examination command by the police
administration. The police embody many sections, like the BAE (Anti Riot Squad),
whose base is found in Yopougon north of town, the CRS (Republican Security
Company), whose main base is found in Williamsville (Adjame) and conjointly
includes a secondary base referred to as CRS2, that is found in zone four within
the city of Marcory within the central capital. The Force[who?] and CECOS
accompany the police.
The main base of the police force is at Agban (commonly Adjamé). There area unit
others in Abobo and Kumasi, It conjointly features a coaching college in Cocody
and also the city[clarification needed].
Drugs
Since 2000, African country has practised a pointy rise in drug traffic. Drug
dens arise principally in informal settlements and there has been a recent spike
in demand among idle youth and Ivorian vagrants. The Ivorian police more and
more specialise in the fight against trafficking and drug use within the
district of city. A report by the workplace of the world organisation says
geographical area plays associate more and more necessary role within the
transit of hard drug to occupier and Europe.[32] per associate investigation by
a United Nations commission for the fight against drug traffic, forty sixth of
adolescents in {west africa|West Africa|geographical area unita|geographic
area|geographical region|geographic region} are obsessed on extralegal medicine.
In might 2007, seven drug homes were razed and 191 folks in remission as well as
a man.[33][34]
French military base
Abidjan is home to Port-Bouet, one in every of the six French military bases
that also exist in Africa (Dakar, Libreville, Bouar CAR, national capital and
Djibouti). Thousands of individuals live there, round the forty third BIMA that
is for good in situ in accordance with established defense agreements on twenty
four April 1961 linking the 2 countries.[35]
Relationships and partnerships
Diplomacy and international bodies
Abidjan is that the regional headquarters of major international institutions:
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, world organisation
Development Program, World Health Organization, World Food Program, UNOPS,[36]
UNFPA,[37] International Labour Organization (ILO), International fund (IMF),
etc. International nations all have illustration in city, most of that serve
sub-region
The yankee Embassy is found in shelter d'Ivoire[38] whereas the African
Development Bank (ADB)[39] moved for a jiffy to African nation, that is that the
largest institution in Africa.
Twin cities – Sister cities
Abidjan is sisters with:
Tianjin, China
Marseille, France
São Paulo, Brazil
point of entry, US
Alfortville, France (twinned with Cocody)
Kumasi, African country (twinned with Treichville)
Pontault-Combault, France (twinned with Anyama)
Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Yokohama, Japan
Miscellaneous
In the Eighties, Jean-Bédel Bokassa took refuge in city once his ouster from
power within the African country Republic.
Society
The 1998 census recorded Abidjan's population as a pair of,877,923. Estimates
for the population of the city metropolitan space as of 2005 vary between four
and five million inhabitants. As city is thickly settled by folks from a large
array of various ethnicities, French is usually spoken within the metropolitan
space, that is that the fourth largest French speaking metropolitan space within
the world once Paris, Montreal and Leopoldville.[citation needed] conversational
city French has even appeared, that features a totally different pronunciation
and a few acquainted words from normal French. city is recognized in concert of
the few areas in Africa wherever French (colloquial city French) is really a
native tongue,[40] along side capital of Gabon, Gabon.[41]
Demographics
The population of city was four,707,404 at the 2014 census. In 2006, the
metropolitan space of city had five,060,858 inhabitants. This population
increase will be attributed to the displacement since Sep 2002 caused by the
war. several inhabitants return to measure in city for employment and safer
housing.
Demographic evolution
1920 1946 1970 1978 1998 2003 2014
1,000 48,000 500,000 1,200,000 3,125,890 3,660,682 4,707,404
Numbers since 1920: Population while not duplication
Abidjan Centre
By 1950, city had simply exceeded a population of fifty,000 (at the tip of
1948). Reaching a population of 1,000,000 by the tip of 1975, town grew at a
rate of ten to 12-tone system each year, doubling each six or seven years.
However, this growth underwent a pointy decline thanks to the crises of the
Eighties and Nineteen Nineties. within the last twenty years of the twentieth
century, the expansion rate born to 3–6%. Birth rate growth was supplemented by
migration, with the inflow being substantial and also the outflow solely part
compensating the arrivals. The migration, before the census of 1988, contributed
a growth of regarding eighty,000 with fifty,000 folks from at intervals African
country, and regarding thirty,000 from abroad per shelter d'Ivoireyear. From at
intervals African country, the migration pattern was dominated by Akan
(South-east, 48%), then Niger-Congo (North-west, 24%) and Krou (South-west,
20%). From abroad, the migration was Burkinabes (30%), Malians (22%), Ghanaians
(19%), Nigerien (11%), and Guineans (9%).[42] Of the non-African migration,
Lebanese migration was highest, followed by European migration, with the French
being largest of this latter cluster. All in all, folks of non-African origin
represent three-d of the whole population of city, that remains the very best
within the region.
The figures for 2006 calculable the population of city to three,796,677
inhabitants, whereas the larger metropolitan space of city had five,060,858
inhabitants. This population increase is especially thanks to war events of Sep
2002. The city hosts many folks in search of each jobs and secure homes.
Before 2014, the last population census within the country had taken place in
1998. It conferred a pair of,877,948 inhabitants for town.[43] a brand new
census was command in might 2014 and showed a population for town of
four,707,404.
Languages
The traditional language of town was Ebrié. Since independence, the official
language in city and throughout African country has been French. whereas the
official language may be a formal selection normal French almost like that of
Paris, the foremost usually spoken type of French in city may be a
conversational idiom called français DE Treichville or français DE Moussa that
differs from normal French in pronunciation and in a number of its vocabulary.
Another type of spoken French in city is Nouchi, a extremely informal selection
used as adolescent slang. The historical linguistic communication, still spoken
and understood by most of the commerce population of city, is Dioula. town hosts
several Ivorians from everywhere the country and regarding sixty vernacular
languages area unit spoken, like Attié, Baoulé, Bété, and Wobé. city is
encircled by quite thirty villages wherever Baoulé and Ébrié area unit still
usually spoken.
Education
In African country, the enrollment rate is 74%[44] associated access to
education is proscribed by an entrance assessment at the sixth stage once that
simple fraction of scholars area unit allowed to continue their studies. pure
gold of the scholar population resides in city, that includes 2 hundredth of the
whole population. city is that the location of the most instructional
establishments within the African country. These embody the Gymnasium Classique
d'Abidjan, the Gymnasium Sainte-Marie DE Cocody, Gymnasium garçon DE Bingerville,
Mami Adjoua the Lyceum, the Pascal city college may be a French college – a
college UN agency has signed associate agreement with the ADFE. Recently the
Gymnasium International Jean-Mermoz re-opened that was ab initio referred to as
school International Jean-Mermoz, based by capital of South Dakota Padovani. The
establishment suffered from a devastating war and was forced to shut.[45]
Health
Some ancient medication institutions sell ancient medicine within the
street.[citation needed] There area unit various health centers, pharmacies and
pharmacopoeias.[citation needed] town has quite fifty clinics, and over sixty
specialist locations (veterinary, medicine, dental, optometry, motherhood,
psychology, pediatrics, etc.)[citation needed].
Urbanism and home ground
Modern districts like highland or Cocody have developed almost like those in
Europe with the development of enormous workplace towers and flat buildings
between the Seventies and also the mid-1980s.[46]
Traditional neighborhoods like Treichville or Marcory maintained the system of
"concessions" wherever housing is adjacent to the plant and a region of many
homes, at intervals the traditional organization and multi centuries-old African
villages.[47]
The district of Cocody is additionally home to several single-storey wood
villas, encircled by large gardens of lush vegetation, fed by the serious rains
that water town. Wealthier inhabitants created villas in imitation of Greek
temples during this district. additionally, many homes were engineered on stilts
on the sting of the Ébrié lagune. The government building, a fine example of
modernist design, was designed by creator Henri Chomette [fr].
Problems with urban network
Urban Network in autoimmune disease highland
The urban network is noncontinuous, as city has seen its population double each
seven years since 1945. Rural folks area unit attracted by the opportunities of
town. city represents forty fifth of town dwellers within the African country
and 2 hundredth of the general population. town is out and away the country's
largest, dwarfing the second-largest town, Bouaké (which had 542,082 inhabitants
in 2014) likewise because the political capital, Yamoussoukro (207,412
inhabitants).
Urban uncleanness
Since the 2006 Probo native bear waste material spill,[48] vital efforts are
created to handle waste management problems in city. In 2006, a contract was
signed between China and shelter d'Ivoire: a Chinese company handling urban
waste and industrial plans to treat all waste district this transformation
conjointly produce daily cleanup. .[49]
French nongovernmental organisation ACTED extended a 3-part project across three
districts of city in 2016, establishing street cleanup, waste assortment and
hygiene coaching. ACTED exponent Jérémy Lescot delineated the project as "a fine
success".[50]
Urban rehabilitation
The last transportation upgrade in city light-emitting diode to the repaving of
sure roads within the capital in 1994. Since might 2007, the corporate Ageroute
[fr] (Road Management Agency) is enterprise major operations in city and Anyama
regarding badly broken roads, affected by lack of maintenance, serious rain and
protests. it's conjointly addressing the gutters and unpaved roads.[51] The
District and BNETD attempt to rehabilitate and construct four hundred to five
hundred miles (640–800 kilometres), providing them with a high quality to last
15–20 years of life. enhancements embody the rehabilitation of roads in city and
Anyama, construction of drains, the tarring of gravel roads and sanitation of
town by the development of sewers. These rehabilitations have an effect on all
municipalities in Abidjan:
In Cocody, at a price of three billion CFA francs, reconstruction of the
Corniche, one in every of the busiest roads within the municipality.
Reconstruction has been extended by the dam of the limit, placed at the
crossroad DE la compete, to filter all waste drop into the lagune.
At Yopougon, the rehabilitation nerve Sand continues with the development of a
drain two hundred feet (61 metres) long designed to slow the streaking waste,
the most reason behind the degradation of pathways.
In Abobo the degradation of the roads needs a big investment in producing and
installation of gutters to confirm correct sanitation. The rehabilitation of
roads and highways continues.
Economy
Market in Adjamé
The principal stock market of the Cộte d'Ivoire and also the alternative seven
countries of the Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA),[note
1]Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières (BRVM), is found in city.[52] Air
Ivoire has its head workplace in city.[53] before its dissolution, Air Afrique
was headquartered in city.[54]
Industry
The region close to the lagoons is that the most industrial region of the
country.
Major industries embody food process, lumber, automobile producing, textiles,
chemicals, and soap. there's conjointly an oversized refinery. Its industries
area unit principally in construction and maintenance with the presence of major
international groups: the chamber SETAO, Colas, Bouygues, Jean Lefebvre, and
Swiss Holcim.
There area unit textile industries with the packaging of cotton within the north
each for export or for on-site process of material, canvas, batik wear and
miscellaneous. The textile sector is incredibly dynamic, and represents
fifteen.6% of web investment, thirteen of turnover and pure gold of the worth
accessorial in Ivorian trade.
There area unit many offshore oil wells operative (Côte d'Ivoire is associate
oil manufacturing country), that results in the presence of a industry with oil
refineries,[55] associated an oil port. It conjointly works on stones and
precious metals for exportation[56]
The city conjointly features a massive wood process plant at the port by stream
from the forests of central Canada[clarification needed]. It exports natural
mahogany, naked as a jaybird wood, laminate and plank for the past 2 centuries.
Food trade principally include: the assembly of oil, Citrus bergamia and Sevilla
oranges. within the west, rubber is processed likewise as producing beverages
from pineapples, oranges[57] and mangoes, manufacturing robusta coffee: African
country is that the third largest producer, behind Colombia and Brazil[58] and
process cocoa,it is the third largest producer within the world behind African
country and state.[59] (37% of cocoa and 100 percent of low merchandise endure a
minimum of one initial native processing). city is additionally the primary
African tuna port for the ecu market. This generated three,000 salaried jobs and
is a crucial supply of exchange. As altogether countries of the assemblage
developing countries, abundant of the city's economy lies in what economists
describe as informal economy[60] with its several "odd jobs".[61]
Tertiary sector
The development of tertiary trade, with the institution of international
industrial banks and also the increasing variety of service corporations of
every type, seems to be the trend of recent years. city is that the main middle
of French geographical area. The seat of the stock exchange of geographical area
(BRVM) is found in city. BRVM is especially dominated by Ivorian corporations.
Electricity
The thermal power station Azito, inbuilt 1997 in partnership with EDF, placed on
the Yopougon on the sting of the lagune and facing Ébrié Island Boulay, alone
provides three hundred MW.[62] 2 alternative power plants, inbuilt 1984 and
1985, area unit put in in Vridi. many utilities area unit put in in Abidjan: CI
Energies, erstwhile SOPIE, that may be a corporation state,[63] ICE and CIPREL,
subsidiaries of the French cluster SAUR[64] African country produces all the
electricity it consumes, and exports to neighboring countries, Ghana, Togo,
Benin, African nation and land through the interconnection.[65]
The production, that will increase steady, and gas storage area unit provided by
2 state companies: PETROCI and GESTOCI.[66] atiny low trade of renewable energy
production has conjointly developed.[67]
Telecommunication and ICT
The city features a powerful fastened phonephone network of 450,000 lines (in
2004) managed by African country telecommunication. Broadband net connections,
hired lines and ADSL area unit supercharged by numerous providers: Aviso Ivory
Coast Telecoms. Africa is Line,[68] Globe Access, Afnet,[69] and because the
news portal World Wide Web.abidjan24.net
Banking system
Abidjan is home to all or any the representatives of international money
institutions: IBRD, International fund, African Development Bank, BOAD, etc.
Banking Commission of WAEMU regional stock market securities subsidiaries of
major international banks: BNP Paribas, General bank, Crédit Lyonnais, Citibank,
JPMorgan Chase & Co., Barclays, etc. Sixteen national banks (SGBCI, BICI, etc.)
maintaining a network of one hundred seventy branches, seven money
establishments and quite thirty insurance corporations create a money
competitive city that animates the whole geographical area.
Transportation
Trains on the road to Ouagadougou run from many stations within the town, the
foremost necessary being in Treichville. Ferries link Treichville, Abobo-Doumé
and autoimmune disease highland. Felix Houphouet Boigny International
Airport[70] serves town. Work on a brand new tube system has begun, with the
start of service anticipated in 2020.
SOTRA (Abidjan Transport Company) guarantee urban transportation in city via
bus, taxi and bags Line categorical.
Sotra has proclaimed the beginning of labor for the utilization of sunshine rail
to city. The project has 3 phases at a price of one hundred twenty five billion
CFA francs for a protracted loop of thirty two kilometer.[citation needed]
Taxis
There area unit 2 kinds: the taxi-meter (Red), which might travel throughout
town, and woro-woro (yellow and inexperienced, blue or orange counting on the
commune), that area unit restricted to a part.
Airport
Port Bouet field features a massive capability that enables it to accommodate
all existing massive craft. city is found associate hour's flight from all the
capitals of the sub-region. city is served by major airlines within the
direction of the nice capitals of the globe. Headquarters of the previous
international African Air company, city field had nearly a pair of,070,000
passengers in 2017.
Circulation
The District[71] has many made-up streets and boulevards linking the cities
between them and also the District across the country. city features a network
of urban bypasses.
River transport is already in step with fishing spots and plenty of "boat-buses"
connecting the assorted neighborhoods of town thrives arrange lagune.
Abidjan is additionally the bridgehead of the country's solely road linking town
to the executive and political capital, Yamoussoukro.
Port
Port of city, 2009
Abidjan has one in every of the most important ports within the sub-region (West
Africa). it's a instrumentality transfer port and was opened in 1951 within the
presence of the Minister of Overseas and Colonies at the time, François
Mitterrand. The 15m deep Vridi Canal, wherever boats with massive draughts will
dock within the deep port.[72]
The African country is within the monetary unit Zone (where the currency is CFA
francs), as a part of the West African Economic and financial Union (WAEMU).
city is that the economic centre of each the African country and of the total
region, as well as land and Mali; this is often principally owing to its deep
port. The road network in city (5,600 kilometer asphalted in 1995, compared to
one,000 kilometer in 1970), that covers the total region, effectively will
increase its port activity as five hundredth of the business from land, African
nation and Niger submit to it.
Abidjan receives the majority of the country's industrial activity; its port
alone receiving hr of ivory park trade. city has ambitions of
oil-production—off-shore production and particularly purification and
distribution. In 1995 the port received twelve million tonnes of traffic, of
which 5.5 million tonnes were oil merchandise.
Exports embody low, cocoa, timber, bananas, pineapples, and Mn.[13]
Bridges
The two-halves of town, Northern city and Southern city, area unit joined by the
Houphouët-Boigny, the Charles general and also the Henri Konan Bédié bridges.
the 2 former bridges, inbuilt the Fifties and Sixties severally, area unit
placed between Treichville and autoimmune disease highland. The Général-de-Gaulle
Bridge extends over the immenseValéry Giscard d'Estaing avenue that results in
the field. each bridges area unit typically full, particularly throughout hour
or on the occasion of police and military roadblocks.
A third 1.5 km (0.93 mi) toll bridge and motorway, the Henri Konan Bédié Bridge
between Cocody and Marcory was completed in Gregorian calendar month 2014.
Project construction began within the half of 2012 and needed the relocation of
many homes and businesses opposite the Mille Maquis (the noted edifice la Bâche
bleue was moved).[73] per information rumored by the African Development Bank,
2,499 persons were wedged by the bridge construction and were resettled and
salaried.[74]
A fourth 1.4 km (0.87 mi) toll bridge is currenlty below construction between
Yopougon and highland.[75]
Trains and trams
Main article: Rail transport in African country
Train platform, Abidjan, 2014
The city is that the foothold for the region's solely railway: the
Abidjan-Ouagadougou line, with stations in Treichville, Abobo and Adjamé. This
line solely has 2 trains, the antelope and also the Bélier, and links the 2
capitals in regarding forty hours.[76]
The most recent project in city is one for an electrical train that is secure by
the Ivory Society of Railroads (SICF).[77]
The development of infrastructural comes has been envisaged, as well as a
residential district train system in city that is calculable to price nearly a
hundred billion CFA francs. This residential district train system would link
the North-West to the East and North of town. The project extends over twenty
five kilometer of railway tracks that as of 2011 were employed by the operator
Sitarail, a company of the Bolloré cluster. The infrastructural works (tracks,
electrification, and civil engineers) are calculable at forty billion CFA
francs, supported by the State of Ivory Coast and backers (World Bank and also
the French Development Agency). additionally, a larva concession contract would
lean to a non-public operator, over 20–30 years, to work the network. This
operator are responsible of the acquisition of railway materials, workshop
renovation and also the implementation of associate organisational system. The
concession contract has been calculable at around sixty billion CFA francs.
Tourism
A beach in Cocody
Abidjan may be a distinctive town in Africa. Its nicknames, like "Manhattan of
the tropics", "Small Manhattan" or "Pearl of the lagoons", make a case for the
city's unpredictable and triumphant image. With its accommodation facilities –
like the Golf edifice – and sporting facilities, its spirited night life,
transport and communication lines likewise as its magnificence, it's the proper
town for business business enterprise.
Abidjan conjointly has beaches round the lagune, with palm and coconut trees,
within the Vridi space, that area unit extremely popular at weekends with the
picturesque sight of the pineapple and coconut sellers. withal, the rip-tides
that affects much the total of the Gulf of Guinea's coast, means during this
space swimming isn't sometimes allowed. Generally, in African country, business
enterprise has ne'er extremely been developed as associate economic industry;
the country isn't abundant of a typical vacation destination.
Parc du Banco (Banco National Park)
Fanicos, Abidjan's washermen
Converted in 1926, this park has three,000 hectares and ancient "sacred wood"
lies at the doorway to town, within the Attécoubé community, that has been
preserved as a relic of the primary forest that encircled the lagune within the
past. A tarmaced road goes straight to the lake at the guts of the park and
trails go throughout it. The park is thickly settled and there area unit low and
cocoa plantations.
At the sting of the park, atiny low stream is a wash-house wherever the fanicos,
laundry men, work once collection the laundry from the total of town. it's one
in every of the 'small jobs' that exist in city.
Nightlife
Overall, the nightlife in city is taken into account to be one in every of the
liveliest within the whole of Africa.
The district has associate abundance of night-clubs, maquis, out-door areas, and
go-go bars. These diversion platforms offer a musical 'pipeline' encompassing
principally DJs, automobile Décalé and Zouglou, and, in lesser amounts,
alternative native and international varieties.
Formerly containing solely native ancient varieties, Congolese music and Western
music, Abidjan's night life has practised a positive cultural disruption in its
music since the beginning of the 2000s, with the arrival of automobile Décalé.
This style was introduced in 2002 by Douk adventure story [fr] and La set [fr],
with the assistance of Sagacité, created a development that has not stopped
spreading and reaching bent the recent nights within the capitals of the
sub-region. it's given a globally identifiable cultural identity to diversion
'made in shelter d'Ivoire'.
The extremely popular Zouglou in addition advantages "Wôyô" spaces; stocked with
and dedicated so the foremost noted, the Internat at Fitini's and also the
Gymnasium at Vieux Gazeur's, attract 'zouglouphiles' the total weekend.
Treichville, with its several maquis, discothèques, and jazz clubs, accustomed
be the liveliest space within the town, however since the tip of the Nineteen
Nineties Youpougon, Marcory, and Cocody have seized this role.
Culture
Religious buildings
St. Paul's Cathedral in city
Great musjid in city
The Treichville musjid, the Cocody musjid, the highland musjid,[78] and
Saint-Paul's Cathedral in city, created by the creator Aldo Spirito and
consecrated by Pope John Paul II in 1985, conjure the city's main non secular
buildings. The cathedral is that the seat of the bishop of the Roman Catholic
diocese of city. On April 5, 2015, the development of a brand new LDS Temple in
city was proclaimed.[79]
Monuments and museums
The National Library of shelter d'Ivoire[80]
In Cocody:
The Goethe Institute.[81]
The Municipal deposit.[82]
The yankee Culture Centre (CCA)
The Ki Lolo M'Bock Village[83] (in the Riviera).
Cocody deposit of up to date Art.[84]
Point d'Orgue, personal music education centre
In Plateau:
The French Cultural Centre (CCF)
The African country deposit of Civilisations
The National Museum: presents a group of Ivorian art (statues, masks, jewelry,
tools, incised doors, tom-toms and musical instruments from each region within
the country). there's no entry fee, however guests might create a voluntary
donation.
In Treichville:
The Sports Palace
The Cultural Palace.[85]
The city artisanal centre (CAVA)
Cinema
Festivals
Each year film festivals area unit union in Abidjan: The Clap-Ivoire
pageant,[86] the Spanish festival, the African country National Film Festial (FESNACI)
– the primary of that was union in 2007,[87] the short festival (FIMA),[88] that
has been union since 1998 by Hanni Tchelley, the city Israeli Film Festival;[89]
the fourth one materialized in 2006 within the Goethe Institute.
Abidjan in cinema
Several films depict or area unit dedicated to the city: )
Le Sixième doigt, a movie by Henri Duparc.
Bronx-Barbès by Eliane Delatour free in 2000.[90]
Mentir Pour Être frozen dessert by patriarch Arts diversion
Enfer DE La Justice by patriarch Arts diversion
Caramel a movie by Henri Duparc with Adrienne Koutouan, Fortuné Akakpo.
Rue Princesse[91] a movie by Henri Duparc with Félicité Wouassi [fr], Akissi
Delta, Gérard Essomba free in 1993, representational process a part glorious for
nightlife, music, and prostitutes.
Danger Permanent[92] a movie by capital of South Dakota Laba with Michel Bohiri,
Michel Gohou, Adrienne Koutouan, Jimmy Danger.
Un homme pour deux sœurs a movie by Marie-Louise Asseu free in 2007, with Bétika,
Jimmy Danger, Michel Gohou
Le gentleman DE Cocody a movie by Christian-Jaque free in 1964, with Jean Marais,
Philippe Clay, parliamentarian Dalban, Jacques mushroom, Gil Delamare, Maria
Grazia Buccela, city Holloway and Liselotte Pulver.
Le virus [fr], a movie by cheese Brigitte free in Gregorian calendar month 2007,
with Fortuné Akakpo, Fanta Coulibaly, Tatianna DE M'C Ensira.
Music
Abidjan may be a turntable for West African music, and a serious producer of
musical art in Africa. town attracts the bulk of musicians from the African
country principally owing to its several dance clubs, which permit artists to
create their debut and categorical themselves, record corporations and national
media. Here area unit some samples of the foremost common artists to possess
created their debut in Abidjan: Alpha Blondy, Aïcha Koné, the cluster Magic
System, Meiway, and Tiken Jah Fakoly, likewise as Gadji Celi, Chantal Taiba,
Nayanka Bell, DJ Arafat. within the Eighties Miriam Makeba came to city once she
wasn't allowed back to her own country, Republic of South Africa, as did the
Congolese opera star Tshala Muana, apostle of the Soukous kind of dance.
Since the Nineteen Nineties, city has had a big form of musical designs being
exported throughout Africa and also the West. These area unit Zoblazo, Mapouka,
Zouglou and, since 2002, the Coupé-Décalé; the recognition and nice form of
these dances create town a form of African dance and musical trend capital.
Congo-Kinshasa erstwhile command this title, with rumba, soukous and so ndombolo.
city is additionally thought-about the popular music genre capital of Africa.
Each year, town organises the subsequent music festivals:
Abi-Reggae [93]
Faya Flow[94]
Les prime d'or.[95]
Concerto pageant.[96]
Le Tiercé Gagnant[97]
The RTI Music Awards.[98]
Dj combine Atalakou, union by RTI Music TV[99]
International fete of city (FIJA)
International pageant of musical genre (FIMNA).[100] union each 2 years,
alternating with the International fete.
Media
See also: Media of African country
Most mass media in African country will be found in city.
Television and radio
The National Council for Audio-visual Communication (CNCA) is that the control
authority of audio-visual material in African country.
Radiodiffusion tv Ivoirienne (RTI) is that the radio and tv broadcasting
authority for shelter d'Ivoire; it's supported by licence fees, packaging and
grants. RTI has four tv channels and 2 radio stations: La Première (non-specialised),
TV2, RTI Music TV, RTI Sport TV, Radio African country, and rate a pair of (non-specialised
radio). Radio Jam may be a personal station in African country and is most
listened to by teens.
With regards to personal channels, percussion instrument TV are the primary
International African country TV station with headquarters in city, with
alternative studios within the us, Italy, France, Asia, the center East.
There are many African country TV channels or radio stations out there on the
Internet: Africahit, Music TV, Abidjan.net TV, Bengueshow, etc.
With the launch in 2015 of DISCOP Africa city, town became a hub for TV market
professionals from French-speaking Africa.[101]
Press
At the time of the single-party, a political state of affairs that dominated
over the country for thirty years like most alternative West African countries
once independence, only 1 daily newspaper was distributed throughout the
country: Fraternité Matin, from the parliamentary cluster PDCI-RDA, that was
based by the primary president, Félix Houphouët-Boigny. the appearance of
multiple parties in shelter d'Ivoiret in 1999 will be seen within the
proliferation of newspapers and various publications, of that the bulk is
printed in city.[102]
Daily Publications
L'Inter [fr]
Nord-Sud [fr]
Fraternité Matin
Mo" Papers.
Mo" diversion
Le nouveau réveil
Notre Voie
Le Front [fr]
Le National (journal) [fr]
Le Temps
Le Jour
Le Patriote
Le Matin d'Abidjan
Le Courrier d'Abidjan
Ivoir'Soir [fr]
Soir Info
24 heures
Daily Sports Publications
Douze
Le Sport
Weekly Publications
Gbich (journal satirique)
La Nouvelle République
Le Démocrate
Top Visage
Monthly Publications
Déclic Magazine*
Babi Mams Magazine
Amina
Internet and digital TV
The President, the Prime Minister, the government, and ministers have an officer
web site.
The web portal city.net, that is domiciled in CA within the U.S., broadcasts
info regarding town and also the country everywhere the globe.[103] within the
"global village" organisation, city features a variety of internet-cafés that
area unit increasing exponentially, in 2007, there have been four hundred,000
net users.
The web portal Abidjan24.net,[104] that is domiciled in city within the Ivory
Coast, broadcasts info regarding town and also the country everywhere the globe.
Television channels
There is only 1 public state-owned channel (RTI), that is additionally
responsible of radio.
Channel a pair of (TV2): current.
Private channels and international radio: undeveloped, non-existent.
Local radio stations: localised regional nature stations, not accessible out of
the country.
Festivals and cultural events
Theatre
The Chad pageant.[105]
Dance
Urban Dance pageant.[106]
Hip-hop is back. The show was on twenty one April 2007, and Diam's and Rageman
were guests. It materialized on 2 stages at the Las Palmas advanced.
Fashion
Several fashion events area unit union within the town every year: "Les Féeries"
(The Fairies),[107] the ceremonies for Miss African country, Miss city District,
Miss Christmas (for 6–11 year olds) and Miss Awoulaba (very prestigious).
Moreover, the Yéhé Fashion Show[108] takes place per annum, a celebration of
African fashion, and also the International pageant of intimate apparel and
wonder of city (FILBA).
Abidjan is additionally the headquarters for Ivory Coast's garments designers,
famous for being the most effective in Africa; as well as Gilles Touré (designer
for Miss shelter d'Ivoire) or maybe Pathéo.
Other
Climbie Beach pageant
International Cartoon pageant,.[109]
International Comedy pageant (FIRA) union by Adama Dahico.[110]
Sport
Côte d'Ivoire is home to groups from many sports: (basketball, athletics, rugby,
handball, volleyball, etc.), soccer is very popular in Abidjan. Abidjan is home
to ASEC Mimosas, one of the country's leading football clubs.
Ces photos ne sont pas libre de droits.